context
【正确答案】：The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. The shared knowledge is of two types: the knowledge of the language they use,and the knowledge about the world. (P113)
【解析】语境是语用学研究的关键概念,一般是指交际双方的共有知识。共有知识分为两类,一类是交际者对所用语言本身的知识,另一类是对客观世界的知识,包括对客观世界的一般知识和对交际情景的具体知识。没有共有知识,就不可能有语言交际;不考虑语境,就不能对语言交际作出令人满意的语用解释。
