ANC Reform: Alaska Natives Battle for Change
(1) They gathered in an office building behind closed doors, a dozen executives of Alaska native corporations (ANCs) considering how to proceed in the face of threats to a government program that had given them a shortcut to billions in income from federal contracts. For years, the leaders of ANCs had maintained a united front of support for the ANC program, despite news accounts and audits that turned up allegations of abuses.
(2) In August 2009, just weeks after an especially critical congressional hearing，officials from three of the ANCs proposed a major break in the long-held habit of keeping native problems to themselves. They wanted the group to acknowledge the problems and adopt radical reforms. The room went silent when the officials announced their key proposal: a cap on contracts that would end their ability to get deals of any size without competition.
(3) “The reaction was surprisingly muted，” said a person who was there that day who spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the nature of the meeting. “It was obvious there was discomfort, but no one raised their voices or pounded the table.”
(4) One of the reformers, Tara Sweeney, a vice president at Arctic Slope based in Barrow, said in a recent interview that advocating a position with implied criticism of Alaska natives was “not an easy path to take.” But she said that she and others could not stand by and do nothing. “We need to do the right thing，” she said.
(5) Executives at Doyon Limited and Cook Inlet Region Inc. joined those at Arctic Slope in calling for fundamental changes in the program, which has opened the way for $29 billion to Alaska native corporations over the past decade, most of it through set-aside deals or contracts awarded without competition.
(6) In a proposal handed over to the Small Business Administration (SBA) last month, the three companies called for better tracking and reporting of benefits to Alaska native shareholders and their communities. They reiterated their call for limits on the size of contracts awarded without competition, requiring additional justification for contracts of more than $100 million. They called for new limits on how ANC subsidiaries could operate and for better enforcement “of program rules to ensure the integrity” of small-business contracting.
(7) “Our proposed reforms will improve the program by increasing accountability, decreasing the potential for abuse while continuing to encourage the growth of sustainable businesses that raise the standard of living for Alaska native people，” the three reformers said in a letter to the SBA.
(8) In the Alaska native community, the proposals are a source of intense, debate.
(9) Sarah Lukin, executive director of the Native American Contractors Association; said the ANC program as it currently is benefits Alaska natives and taxpayers. She said the three reformers, who are not members of her association, “can afford to do business” without the set-aside program
because of their natural resources and real estate holdings.
(10) Lukin said critics have taken ANC problems out of context, ignoring the fact that the same issues, such as the use of contracts without competition, are widespread across the government. “The scrutiny on ANCs is disproportionate，” she said.
(11) An unlikely set of allies has joined the reformers.
(12) In an interview, Sen. Lisa Murkowski, one of the most adamant ANC boosters, applauded the idea of more transparency and accountability. “In order to continue the good for which this program was intended, we have to pursue the reforms that allow for appropriate oversight，” she said. “I have defended this program, but I do not defend the program unconditionally.”
(13) Sen. Claire McCaskill, chairman of a contracting oversight subcommittee that held the ANC hearing last year, said the contracting privileges ought to be rescinded altogether. “If you really understand what is going on with Alaska native corporations, your heart breaks for the many poor natives who are suffering still. They’re being used,” she said. “Two groups of people are getting screwed by the program. Many Alaska natives who are not getting their fair share, and the American taxpayers.”
(14) She suggested that the government make direct payments to the native shareholders. “I would much prefer that the American government help Alaska natives directly than through ridiculously over-priced, noncompete government contracts，” she said.
(15) Sheri Buretta, chairman of the board of the Chugach Corp., said that the government needs to keep giving ANCs room to improve and grow. “There’s no doubt in my mind there are abuses.” Until now, native executives have been afraid to speak up because of fears “it will be used against us. We’re trying as hard as we can，” she said. “It’s an evolutionary process.”
What is your attitude to reforms? Illustrate your point of view with one or more appropriate examples.
【正确答案】：
REFORM IS THE DRIVING FORCE FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. REFORM AIMS AT SOLVING VARIOUS CONTRADICTIONS THAT EXIST IN SOCIETY, AND REFORMS CAN MAKE PROGRESS. FOR THOSE THINGS THAT ARE OUTDATED AND NO LONGER ADAPT TO THE HISTORICAL TREND OF SOCIETY, WE MUST ADJUST OUR THINKING IN A TIMELY MANNER, AND LEARN TO TAKE THE BEST OF IT TO SEEK SOCIAL PROGRESS IN REFORM. IN 1978, DENG XIAOPING PUT FORWARD THE CONCEPT OF REFORM AND OPENING UP.
CHINA HAS ALWAYS BEEN CLOSED BEFORE THAT AND NOW IT HAS BEGUN TO OPEN ITS DOORS TO THE WORLD. THROUGH ECONOMIC AND TRADE LINKS WITH COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD, CHINA'S ECONOMIC STRENGTH HAS BEEN CONTINUOUSLY ENHANCED AND ITS OVERALL NATIONAL STRENGTH HAS BEEN GREATLY ENHANCED.
【题目解析】：改革是社会发展的动力。改革的目的是解决社会上存在的各种矛盾，改革可以让社会进步。对于那些已经过时的、已经不适应社会历史潮流的东西，我们必须及时调整思想，学会用最好的方式在改革中谋求社会进步。1978年，邓小平提出了改革开放的理念。在此之前，中国一直是封闭的，现在它已经开始向世界敞开大门。通过与世界各国的经贸联系，中国经济实力不断增强，综合国力也大幅提高。