Passage 2
The term market and marketing can have several meenings depending upon how they are used. The term stock market refers to the buying and selling of shares in corporations as well as other activities related to stock trading and pricing. Another type of market is a grocery market, which is a place where people purchase food. When economists use the word market they mean sct of forces or conditions that determine the price of a product, such as the supply available for sale and the demand for it by consumers. The term marketing in business ineludes all of these meanings, and more.
In the past, the concept of marketing emphasized sales.The manufacturer made a product he wanted to sell. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product.Basically, selting the product would be accomplishec by sales promotion, which included advertising and personal seiling. In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actuaily sold. Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing, standardization and grading, and the related risks.
The modern marketing concepr inctudes all of the activities mentioned, but it is bascd on a different set of principles. It suggests that production can be economically justificd only by consumption. In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer shouid consider who is going to buy the product or what the market for the product is-before production begins.
Marketing now involves first deciding what the customer wants, and designing and producing a product that satisfies these wants at a profit to the company. Instead of concentrating solely on production, the company must consider the desires of the consumer, and this is much more difficult since it involves human behavior. Production, on the other hand, is mostly an engineering problem.
Because products are often marketed internationall, distribution has increased in importance. Goods must be at the piace where the customer needs them and must be brought there. This is known as place utility; it adds value to a produet. However, many markets are separated from the place of production which means that often both rew materials and finished products must be transported to the points where they are needed.
Modern marketing is therefore a coordinated system of many business activities, but basically it involves four things: 1.selling the correct product at the proper place; 2.selling it at a price determined by demand; 3. satisfying a customer's needs and wants; and 4. producing profit for the economy.
49.One characteristic of traditional marketing is that demand is considered beiore production.
A、True
B、False
【正确答案】：B
【名师解析】:题目中提到的传统营销概念强调的是销售，即制造商生产了产品之后，营销的任务是找出如何销售这些产品。这包括通过销售促销、广告和个人销售来实现销售，以及产品的物理分配，如运输、储存等。然而，现代营销概念则基于不同的原理，它认为生产只有在消费需求存在的情况下才能得到经济上的证明。这意味着在生产开始之前，生产者应该考虑谁会购买产品，或者产品的目标市场是什么。因此，传统营销的一个特点是在生产之前考虑需求，这与题目中描述的传统营销概念是一致的。所以，题目的答案是B（False），因为传统营销并不是在生产之前考虑需求，而是在生产之后。
