Passage 2
In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population. First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies. A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society. Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers. Sustained growth also depends on education standards.
In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas. In the past 25 years, some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.
Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s. This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.
Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.
The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.
After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies. The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.
Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015. Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40 per cent of the number of working people.
48.The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply.
A、True
B、False
【正确答案】：B
【名师解析】:根据题目内容，文章讨论了经济增长与人口的关系，指出资本积累和劳动力增长是经济增长的关键因素。文章提到中国经济增长主要依赖于工业化进程和制造业的扩张，并且劳动力的持续供应提高了私人储蓄能力，从而促进了经济增长。然而，文章也指出中国的出生率已经下降到与其他东亚新兴经济体相当的水平，这是由于1970年代末实施的计划生育政策。一些学者预测到2015年，中国的年轻劳动力将不再增长，到2030年，60岁以上的人口比例将显著增加，老年人口数量将超过劳动人口的40%。
题目要求判断的是"The two factors that will limit China’s future growth are the industrialization process and the slowdown in labor supply." 这个陈述是否正确。根据文章内容，中国未来的增长确实可能受到劳动力供应放缓的限制，但文章并没有提到工业化进程会限制中国的增长，反而指出工业化是推动中国经济增长的主要因素之一。因此，题目中的陈述只对了一半，即劳动力供应的放缓会影响中国未来的增长，但工业化进程并不是限制因素。所以答案是B.False。
