Passage 2
In the eyes of economists, economic growth is a phenomenon about population. First, the accumulation of capital needed to support growth comes from citizens’ saving tendencies. A labor-intensive economy has more deposit capacity than an ageing society. Secondly, economic growth relies on the growth of labor forces, especially young laborers. Sustained growth also depends on education standards.
In China, labor forces are mainly outsourced from rural areas. In the past 25 years, some 160 million rural laborers have quit traditional farming and found employment in cities or non-farming sectors.
Although agriculture still employs more than 60 per cent of China’s population, its share in the country’s financial revenue has declined to less than 15 per cent, dropping from 40 per cent or so in late 1970s. This also shows that China’s growth is mainly based on an industrialization course featuring expansion of the manufacturing sector.
Continuous supply of labor forces has improved China’s private saving capability substantially, which means surplus income that can be reinvested to fuel economic growth.
The importance of labor supply in China’s growth dynamics means it is necessary to review the way China’s population increases.
After years of decline, China’s birth rate is now equivalent to that of other emerging East Asian economies. The low birth rate in the country is mainly a result of the family planning policy initiated in the late 1970s.
Some scholars have estimated China will see zero growth in young laborers in 2015. Some have also projected that by 2030, 20 per cent of China’s population will be over 60-years-old, compared to 8 per cent now, and the number of pensioners will be more than 40 per cent of the number of working people.
47.This passage mainly talks about the importance of labor supply in China’s economic growth.
A、True
B、False
【正确答案】：A
【名师解析】:根据文章内容，文章主要讨论了劳动力供应在中国经济增长中的重要性。文章指出，经济增长依赖于劳动力的增长，尤其是年轻劳动力的增长，并且持续的增长还依赖于教育水平。中国过去25年中，大量农村劳动力转移到城市或非农业部门，这为经济增长提供了持续的劳动力供应。此外，文章还提到了中国的人口政策对出生率的影响，以及未来劳动力市场可能面临的老龄化问题。因此，题目中的说法是正确的，选项A为正确答案。
