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Questions and Answers: Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Thomas Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. Some critics believe that he is emotionally traditional and intellectually advanced. How do you understand this idea?
【正确答案】：

A. IN HARDY'S NOVEL, THERE IS AN APPARENT NOSTALGIC TOUCH IN HIS DESCRIPTION OF THE SIMPLE AND BEAUTIFUL THOUGH PRIMITIVE RURAL LIFE, WHICH WAS GRADUALLY DECLINING AND DISAPPEARING IN ENGLAND AT THE TIME. HE IS ALWAYS SYMPATHETIC WITH THOSE TRADITIONAL CHARACTERS AND MOURNS OVER THEIR FAILURE. 
B. ON THE OTHER HAND, HE WAS GREATLY INFLUENCED BY DARWIN'S THEORY OF "SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST", AND OTHER MODERN PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS, WHICH LED TO THE PESSIMISTIC DETERMINISM OR NATURALISTIC FICTION. THE NATURALISTIC TENDENCY IS APPARENT IN ALL HIS LATER WORKS.

【题目解析】：本题考查的是哈代的写作思想风格-思绪传统而心智成熟。1. 在哈代的小说中，他对乡村生活的描写带有明显的怀旧色彩。乡村生活虽然原始，但简单而美好。他总是同情那些传统人物，为他们的失败而感到悲哀。2. 另一方面，他深受达尔文“适者生存”理论和其他现代哲学思想的影响，导致悲观决定论或自然主义小说。在他后期的作品中，自然主义倾向十分明显。