Nathaniel Hawthorne' s view of man and human history originates, to a great extent, in Puritanism. What are the effects of Puritanism on Hawthorne?
【正确答案】：HAWTHORNE'S VIEW OF MAN AND HUMAN HISTORY ORIGINATES, TO A GREAT EXTENT, IN PURITANISM. HE WAS NOT A PURITAN HIMSELF, BUT HE HAD PURITAN ANCESTORS WHO PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN HIS LIFE AND WORKS. HE BELIEVED THAT "THE WRONG DOING OF ONE GENERATION LIVES INTO THE SUCCESSIVE ONES," AND OFTEN WONDERED IF HE MIGHT HAVE INHERITED SOME OF THEIR GUILT. THIS SENSIBILITY LED TO HIS UNDERSTANDING OF EVIL BEING AT THE VERY CORE OF HUMAN LIFE, WHICH IS TYPICAL OF THE CALVINISTIC BELIEF THAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE BASICALLY DEPRAVED AND CORRUPTED, HENCE, THEY SHOULD OBEY GOD TO ATONE FOR THEIR SINS.
【题目解析】：教材432页。本题考查的是清教主义对霍桑的影响。在一定程度上，霍桑对人类及人类历史的看法起源于清教。他本人不是清教徒，但其先辈的清教思想在他一生中和作品中有很大作用。他认为“一代人的错误行为会遗传到下几代人”，并怀疑自己遗传了他先辈的罪恶。对着罪恶的敏感和理解方式使典型的加尔文主义思想，认为人类本质是罪恶的，必然向上帝赎罪。
