What are the standards for classification of high-income, middle-income and low-in- come countries according to the World Bank? Cite some examples for each group.
【正确答案】：Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle-income and low-income economies. Those enjoying annual per capita income of $ 9 386 and above are classified as high-income countries. This group comprises three types of countries. The first type includes most members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD）. The second type are rich oil producing countries of the Middle East such as Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The third type consists of small-industrialized countries or regions such as Israel, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan.Countries with annual per capita income below $ 9 386 but above $ 765 are regarded as middle-income countries. Most East European countries are included in this category.Lower income countries are those that have per capita incomes of only $ 765 or even less. Most African countries, some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries are included in this group.
【题目解析】：该题目素材选自L2。世界各国被世界银行分为三大类：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。人均年收入达到9386美元或以上的国家是高收入国家。人均收入在9386美元和765美元之间的国家被认为是中等收入国家。人均年收入只有或低于765美元的国家是低收入国家。高收入国家分为三种类型：第一种是经济合作发展组织的大多数成员国；第二种是科威特、沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋等富裕的中东石油生产国；第三种是如以色列、新加坡、香港和台湾这样的工业发达的小国或地区。中等收入国家包括东欧大多数国家，大多数独联体国家，经济合作发展组织中未能划入高收入国家的六个成员国（捷克、希腊、匈牙利、墨西哥、土耳其），相当数量的拉美国家，还有印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾和泰国这样相对发达的亚洲国家。非洲国家中属于这类的有南非的及利比亚、尼日利亚、阿尔及利亚这些石油生产国。低收入国家包括多数非洲国家，一些亚洲国家和少数拉美国家。
