Briefly discuss the difference between Dickens' early works and later works.
【正确答案】：IN HIS WORK, DICKENS SETS OUT A FULL MAP AND A LARGE SCALE CRITICISM OF THE 19TH CENTURY ENGLAND, PARTICULARLY LONDON. MOST OF HIS WORKS ARE DEEPLY ROOTED IN HIS KNOWLEDGE OF THAT PETTY-BOURGEOIS URBAN WORLD.(1) IN HIS EARLY NOVELS, HE ATTACKS ONE OR MORE SPECIFIC SOCIAL EVILS IN EACH: FOR EXAMPLE, THE DEHUMANIZING WORKHOUSE SYSTEM AND THE DARK, CRIMINAL UNDERWORLD LIFE IN OLIVER TWIST; LEGAL FRAUD IN THE PICKWICK PAPERS; THE DEBTOR’S PRISON IN DAVID COPPERFIELD; THE MONEY-WORSHIP THAT DOMINATES PEOPLE’S LIFE, CORRUPTS THE YOUNG AND BRINGS TRAGEDY TO MR. DOMBEY’S FAMILY IN MARTIN CHUZZLEWIT AND DOMBEY AND SON, ETC.(2) THE LATER WORKS SHOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF DICKENS TOWARDS A HIGHLY CONSCIOUS ARTIST OF THE MODERN TYPE. THE PHYSICAL SETTINGS HERE ARE SOMETIMES A MIXTURE OF THE CONTEMPORARY AND THE RECOLLECTED PAST, THE STORIES ARE MUCH BETTER STRUCTURED, AND THE INSTITUTIONS ARE IMPORTANT NOT ONLY IN THEMSELVES BUT AS METAPHORS FOR A REPRESSIVE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. ALL OF THE WORKS, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF A TALE OF TWO CITIES, PRESENT A CRITICISM OF THE MORE COMPLICATED AND YET MOST FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MORALS OF THE VICTORIAN ENGLAND.
【题目解析】：教材239-240页。本题考查的是狄更斯早期小说与后期小说的不同之处。在狄更斯的作品中，他对十九世纪的英国进行了全面的大规模的批判，尤其是伦敦。他的大部分作品都扎根在深入了解城市小资产阶级生活中。在他的早期作品中他抨击一种或更多具体的社会罪恶，例如：《雾都孤儿》中那非人道的工厂厂房与黑暗的充满犯罪的下层生活。而狄更斯后期的作品都表现出他正在向一个有着高度自觉意识的现代作家发展，后期所有的作品，除了《双城记》，都对更加复杂也更为基础的社会机构及道德观念进行了批判。
