Comment on the associative meaning of a word from the aspets of definition and types by analyzing the following groups of words or expressions.
(a) vicious, love,hate, pleasure
(b) pregnant, expecting, knocking up, in the chub
(c)tremble with fear,quiver with excitement
(d) east or west home is best.
【正确答案】：(a)Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude towards the person or thing in question.This
meaning can be overtly and explicitly conveyed simply by the choice of the right words as many have emotive content in themselves, eg.vicious, love, hate, pleasure. (b)Apart from their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, which make the mappropriate for different contexts.For instance,pregnanexpecting,knocking up,in the club,etc.,all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.
(c) Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. in other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. lt ny be noted that there of the two words. 'tremble with fear, quiver with excitement'
(d) Connotative meaning refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-neaning,but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language.
For example homewhose conceptual meaning is a 'dwelling place.When readers come across the term in actual reading,they may make out more sense than that. It may remind them of their “family, friends,warmth, safety,love,convenience',etc. These connotations are implied in the well-known sayings 'East or west, home is best.
(a)情感意义表示说话人对所讨论的人或事的态度。这个意思可以通过简单地选择正确的词来明确表达，因为许多词本身都有情感内容，例如恶意、爱恨、快乐。
(b)除了概念意义外，许多词还具有文体特征，这使得m适合不同的语境。例如，怀孕、在俱乐部等等，都可以具有相同的概念意义，但在文体价值上有所不同。
(c)搭配意义由一个词在搭配中获得的联想组成。换句话说，它是由讨论中的单词之前或之后的单词所暗示的单词含义的一部分。值得一提的是，这两个词中没有一个是这样的。“害怕得发抖，兴奋得发抖”。
(d)内涵意义是指概念意义所暗示的泛音或联想，传统上称为内涵。它不是词义的重要组成部分，而是可能发生在语言特定使用者头脑中的联想。
例如，家，其概念意义是“居所”。当读者在实际阅读中遇到这个词时，他们可能会理解得更有意义。它可能会让他们想起他们的“家人、朋友、温暖、安全、爱、方便”等。这些内涵隐含在著名的谚语“东方或西方，家是最好的。
