Psychologists have known for some timethat optimism is a good defense against unhappiness. But some of us are justnot natural optimists. What are we supposed to do? Positive psychologists believe optimismcan be learned. All we have to do is to spend time mulling over all the thingsthat have gone right for us, rather than dwelling on what has gone badly. 46."Research on depression shows that one of the biggest causes of depressionis ruminating about something that went wrong in the past," says Baylis.You keep feeding it the oxygen of attention and the flames keep burning you. But just as dwelling on negative eventscan lead to depression, dwelling on things that have gone well can help pickyou up, he says, 47. "You have to thank your lucky stars about whatgoes right on a daily basis. Whenever you get the feeling of being negativeabout things, just take a moment out and remind youself of the stuff that hasgone well." Seligman, who is the figurehead of thepositive psychology movement, goes further than suggesting people learn tothink positively. He has worked out what he sees as a blueprint for happinessthat people can use to set them on the path to a fulfilling and satisfyinglife. He believes there are three routes to happiness, which he callsthe"pleasant life", the "good life and the "meaningfullife". 48. Some are better than others, although mix of all three isideal. The pleasant life sees superficial pleasures as the key to happiness.While life bent on instant pleasure and gratification offers some degree ofhappiness, it is ultimately unsatisfying on its own. 49. To be seriously happy, Seligman says,we have to set our sights on a good life and a meaningful life. To do this weneed to identify what he calls our signature strengths, which could be anythingfrom perseverance and leadership to a love of learning. Seligman says that once we know oursignature strengths, using them more and more in our daily lives will make usfeel happier and more fulfilled. By exploiting our strengths, he says, we willfind life more gratifying and become completely immersed in what we are doing,whether working, making music or playing sport-- a state positive psychologistscall"flow". Using our signature strengths in ourworking and social lives will help us achieve what Seligman calls a good life,while using them to help others will put us on course for achieving ameaningful life, he says. While positive psychology is broadly seenas valid by the psychology and psychiatry establishment, it does have itscritics. 50. Positive psychologists also standaccused of burying their heads in the sand and ignoring that depressed, evenmerely unhappy people. have real problems that need dealing with. Seligman counters this, sayingpositive psychology is not meant to replace other forms of therapy, but shouldbe complementary, while people work through their negative feelings.
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet.
【正确答案】：46.贝里斯说:“对抑郁症的研究表明,造成抑郁的最主要原因之一就是对过去的某件不顺利的事情耿耿于怀。”你的持续关注就像给它注入了氧气,使它熊熊燃烧不停地煎熬着你。
47.如果一天当中有一件事很顺利,你就应该感谢你的幸运之星。无论什么时候你对事物产生了负面情绪,你只需花上片刻时间想想那件顺利的事。
48.这三种生活孰优孰劣,仁者见仁智者见智,虽然将这三者结合起来才最为理想。愉快的生活是将表面的愉悦视为获得幸福的关键。尽管一心追求即时的愉悦和满足感会带来某种程度的幸福,但仅靠这样的生活终究不会是令人满意的。
49.赛林格曼说,要想获得真正的幸福,我们必须将目光瞄准好的生活和有意义的生活。要做到这一点,我们需要发现他所说的自身标志性的优点,这些优点可以是任何一点,比如毅力、领导力、好学等等。
50.积极心理学家也被指责不正视现实没有考虑到那些抑郁者,甚至仅仅是不快乐的人,有实际问题需要解决。
