Passage 2
Early Developments in American Economy Early American industries depended largely on skilled artisans working in small shops to serve a local market. But the Industrial Revolution that started in England during the 18 century did not take long to cross the Atlantic. It brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. Because labor was scarce in the United States and wages were high, employers welcomed any new method that could reduce the requirement for labor.
One key development was the introductic of the factory system which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area. The first factory in the United States is generally dated to 1793, when an Englishma named Samuel slater came to America to build cotton cloth factory. He built the machinery from memory, because it was a crime to carry factory plant out of England. The success of Slater's factory started process of change that turned the northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center. The making of textiles also meant increased demand for cotton, grown in the southern region for the United States. As a result, the nation became a major cotton producer.
Another important development was the "American system" of mass production, which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. The new system required precision engineering to create parts that were intercha.this, in return, allowed the final product to be assembled in stages, each worker specializing in a specific operation.
Just as Slater's new factory system was being introduced, an American named Eli Whitney made cotton production more efficient by inventing a machine-the cotton gin-that rapidly removed the seeds from the boils of cotton. Removing the seeds by hand was a difficult task; Whitney's machine made the job almost easy.
Whitney also began manufacturing rifles in a new way. Guns had always been made by gun makers working in their homes or small shops. Because the guns were handmade individually, a part from one gun would not necessarily fit another gun. Whitney began making guns with machinery, so that all the parts were the same in each gun. This method of manufacturir goods in a factory, with interchangeable parts, helped to advance American industry.
In1913, the automaker Henry Ford introduced the“moving assemblyline. This was variation on the earlier practice of continuous assembly. By improving efficiency, it made possible a major saving in labor costs. A new breed of industrial managers began the careful study of factory operations with the aim of finding the most efficient ways of organizing tasks. Their concepts of "scientific management" helped to lower the costs of production still further. Lower costs made possible both higher wages for workers and lower prices for consumers. More and more Americans were gaining the ability to purchase products made in the United States. During the first half of the 20th century, mass production of consumer goods such as cars, refrigerators and kitchen ranges helped to revolutionize the ways in which Americans lived.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A、Henry Ford influenced American people's life.
B、Henry Ford influenced all manufacturing systems.
C、Henry Ford influenced the manufactu of cars.
D、Henry Ford influenced the system of business.
【正确答案】：D
【名师解析】:选项D "Henry Ford influenced the system of business" 是不正确的陈述。虽然亨利·福特通过引入移动装配线和科学管理的概念对制造业和汽车制造业产生了深远影响，但题目中并没有提到他影响了整个商业系统。福特的创新主要是在生产效率和制造工艺方面，而不是在商业运作模式上。其他选项A、B和C都正确地反映了福特对美国人民生活、制造系统和汽车制造业的影响。
