The public's fear of crime, including juvenile crime, is a majorconcern for policymakers. In California, and throughout the nation, nightlynews programs often begin their broadcasts with accounts of violent crimecommitted by juveniles. (46) The Legislature and the Governor have enacted numerous lawsto address the public's concers about juvenile crime. Despite theseefforts. polls show that at the public continues to see crime as one of the most pressingproblems in society. In January 1994, we released our report Crime in Californiadescribing overall crime trends in the state. This report, while similar,focuses on juveniile crime trends and the juvenile justice system in California. California's juvenile justice system is different from the state'sadult justice system. This is because society recognizes that many juvenilesneed to be treated differently from adults. (47) Generally, the juvenile systememphasizes treatment and rehabilitation, while the adult system concentrates onpunishment of offenders The juvenile justice system also consists of a large number ofnonlaw enforcement agencies. Social services agencies, schools, and community-basedorganizations all provide services to both juveniles "at-risk"ofcommitting crimes and to juveniles who have committed crimes. Juvenile crime peaked in California in 1974 and then decreasedthrough 1987. This decrease occurred at the same time as the proportion ofjuveniles in California's population was declining. Juvenile crime hasincreased since 1987. (48) It is likely that juvenilecrime will continue to increase given the projected future increase inCalifornia's juvenile population. In order to address this growth in crime,policymakers will have to pursue multiple strategies including prevention, intervention,suppression, and incarceration efforts. (49) The juvenile justice system has evolved over the yearsbased on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juvenileswho commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults. Separate courts,detention facilities, rules, procedures, and laws were created forjuveniles with the intent to protect their welfare and rehabilitate them, while protectingpublic safety. Under certain circumstances, youthful offenders can be triedeither as juveniles or as adults. But even in these situations theirtreatment is different from that of adults. (50) For example, a juvenile who is arrestedfor an "adult"offense can be adjudicated ineither juvenile court or adult court: if convicted, he or she can be incarceratedin either county or state correctional facility or left in the community; andif incarcerated, he or she can be placed with either other juveniles or adults. In contrast, anadult charged with the same offense would be tried in an adult court; ifconvicted, he or she would be incarcerated by the state and would be housed withadults Juvenile offenders are generally placed in one of four legalcategories depending primarily on the seriousness of the offense committed.Two of these categories ("criminal offenders"and "juvenilesremanded to superior court") are for juveniles who have committed adult-likecrimes. The other categories ("informal probationers"and "statusoffenders") are for youths who have committed lessserious offenses or offenses unique to juveniles, like curfew violations.
Directions: In the following passage, there are five groups of underlined sentences. Read the passage carefully and translate these sentences into Chinese. Write the Chinese version on your Answer Sheet
【正确答案】：46.司法及行政部门已经颁布多项法律以应对公众对青少年犯罪的担忧。尽管做出了这些努力,民调显示,公众依然认为犯罪是当前社会最亟待解决的问题之一。
47.总体上讲针对青少年的法律体系强调教育和改造,而针对成年人的法律体系则强调对罪犯的惩罚。针对青少年的法律体系也包括很多非执法机构。
48.预计今后加州青少年人口数量会上升,青少年犯罪也可能随之增加。为了遏制犯罪,决策者将不得不寻求多种策略,这包括预防、千预、制止和禁闭等手段。
49.针对青少年的法律体系在过去年已有所改进,因为考虑到青少年与成年人不同,所以对青少年犯罪的惩罚也应与成人不同。
50.例如,一个青少年因犯了成人罪而被捕,他既可以在青少年法庭也可以在成人法庭受审如果被判有罪,他可能被关进某镇或州所设立的劳教所,也可能被留在社区里;如果被关押,可能会安排他与其他的青少年或成年人在一起。
