Friendship
(1)We have a great deal more kindness than is ever spoken.Although all the selfishness chills the world like east winds, the whole human family is bathed with an element of love.How many persons we meet in houses, whom we scarcely speak to, whom yet we honor and who honor us! How many we see in the street, or sit with in church, whom, though silently.we warmly rejoice to be with! Read the language of these wandering eye-beams.The heart knows.
(2) The effect of the indulgence of this human affection is a certain friendly excitement.In poetry, and in common speech, the emotion of kindness and satisfaction which are felt towards others are likened to the material effects of fire; so swift, or much swift, more active, more cheering, are those fine inward irradiation.From the highest degree of passionate love, to the lowest degree of goodwill, they make sweetness of life.
(3)Our intellectual and active powers increase with our affection.The scholar sits down to write, and all his years of meditation do not equip him with one good thought or happy expression: but it is necessary to write a letter to a friend--and forthwith troops of gentle thought invest themselves, on every hand, with chosen words.
(4) See, in any house where virtue and self-respect wait, the excitement which the approach of a stranger causes.A commended stranger is expected and announced, and uneasiness between pleasure and pain invades all the hearts of a household.His arrival almost brings fear to the good hearts that would welcome him.The house is dusted, all things fly into their places, the old coat is exchanged to the new, and they must get up a dinner if they can.Of a commended stranger, only the good report is told by others, only the good and new is heard by us.He stands to us for humanity.He is what we wish.Having imagined and invested him, we ask how we should stand related in conversation and action with such a man, and are uneasy with fear.The same idea exalts conversation with him.We talk better than we often do.We have the nimblest fancy, a richer memory, and our dumb devil has taken leave for the time.For long hours we can continue a series of sincere, graceful, rich communication, drawn from the oldest secret experience, so that they who sit by, of our own kinsfolk and acquaintance, shall feel a lively surprise at our unusual powers.But as soon as the stranger begins to intrude his partialities, his definitions, his defects, into the conversation, it is all over.He has heard the first, the last and best he will ever hear from us.He is no more stranger now.Vulgarity, ignorance, misapprehension are old acquaintances.Now, when he comes, he may get the order, the dress, and the dinner,--but the throbbing of the heart, and the communications of the soul, no more.
(5)What is so pleasant as these streams of affection which make a young world for me again? What so delicious as a just and firm encounter of two, in a thought, in a feeling? How beautiful, on their approach to this beating heart, the steps and forms of the gifted and true! The moment we indulge our affections, the earth is transformed; there is no winter, and no night; all tragedies, all boredom, vanish, -all duties even; nothing fills the proceeding eternity but the forms all radiant of beloved persons.Let the soul be assured that somewhere in the universe it should rejoin its friend, and it would be content and cheerful alone for a thousand years.
(6) I awoke this morning with devout thanksgiving for my friends, the old and the new.Shall I not call God the beautiful, who daily shows himself so to me in his gifts? I chide society.I embrace solitude, and yet I am not so ungrateful as not to see the wise, the lovely, and the noble-minded, as from time to time they pass my gate. Who hears me, who understands me, becomes mine, a possession for all the time.Nor is nature so poor but she gives me this joy several times, and thus we weave social threads of our own, a new web of relation; and as many thoughts in succession substantiate themselves, we shall by and by stand in a new world of our creation, and no longer strangers and pilgrims in a traditional globe.
In Paragraph 4, the word "commended" means () .
A、praised
B、ordered
C、summoned
D、Demanded
【正确答案】：A
【名师解析】:在第四段中，单词 "commended" 指的是被推荐或被赞扬的人。文中描述了当一个被推荐或被赞扬的陌生人即将到来时，家庭中的人们会感到一种既愉快又痛苦的不安。这个陌生人的到来几乎给那些想要欢迎他的善良心灵带来了恐惧。这里的 "commended" 强调的是这个陌生人是被其他人高度评价和推荐的，因此家庭中的人们对他的到来感到既期待又紧张。选项A "praised" 意为“被赞扬”，与文中的用法相符，是正确答案。其他选项B "ordered" 意为“被命令”，C "summoned" 意为“被召唤”，D "Demanded" 意为“被要求”，都不符合文中的语境。
